Fuel-injection mechanism for internal-combustion engines



July 6 1926. Y 1,591,212

- F, CARTER ET A1.

FUEL INJECTION MEcEANIsM EOE INTERNAL coMusIIoN ENGINES Filed OCI. 11. 1924 2 sheets-sheet I- July 6 ,1926. A1,591,212

F. CARTERy ET AL FUEL INJECTION MECHANISM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed oct. 11. 1924 l '2 sheets-Sheet 2 l p 'I Patented-July receiving chamber andV is' injected' therefrom intoA4 the vcylinder (Without admixturefoi'v spraying air)A Whenthelpist-on is at or about thefenldfof itsfv-czoinpression"strokeby means ln" thisfconnectioi,we observethatfother` types of, injector: mechanisinfe'xist in which? the injection-ofthe fi'ielis'eifected by pneu.` l p 'fVVith thisd'evice, the plunger i'sinovedba'ck.Y

i tionsfof load. "jThefinoment 'ofcut-ol of* the injection opening f inv such devices is A t rnmkfonnrnn Ann nviiiesnnncentree,fonsfixiiivironia;` fkr c' -rnnL-Inanorioiv MECHAiIfIsMroR 'IivTVERNI'Q'CoMBUsTior-Tfiiiifi'iviisfff, i

xTliis invention lrelates to springinj ector mechanisms forinte'rnal combustion engines Vof that type in which -fuelisjieceivedlinfa of a plunger 'actuated by a ycoiled spring",V or other compressible member strong'enough to inject fthe'. toil into the"cylinderagainstthe pressure of the compressed charge, .the 1' being @repressed 'at {eehj spring* niemb inaticimeans such fas/compressed air.

rivedfrom a'storage cylinder"or',compressori4 pump or" alternatively :derived 'fro'm'yv the compressed charge vinthe' engine cylinder 'under l'the'compression 'str'ok'e'of the piston.`

las" a trigger mechanism'faccording to Which Y an exceedingly small movementofga memi ber operatively connectedto the crank shaft.

Such rpneumatic devices havevrendered it possible vto control the time vof injectidn of the -`vfuel byy means yof :what may vbefdescribed suddenly 'releases the -full force of thelcompressed injector-operating fluid so that.theV moment of' commencement of-injection re-V mains vpractically :constant under all condirendeited ,variablevaccordin'g tol tlie amount.

a v'pressureopened 'self-closing 'valve` .coni

trolled by'a spring adapted to 'close' theV valve `against explosion pressure'but to al-Q lowy the valve to yield against thepressure Aofthe'injection fluid. f' VThis -arrangement' is very' advantageous in connection with internal combustion en'- gines designed toy insure combustion go'f fuel at constant pressure, and minimizes `dribble sure is derive'dffroml the engine cylinder, trouble is experienced iny connection" with theescape oftarry fuel residues into the injector mechanism; and the'fpresent invention haslfor its 'objectto provide an equiva in partsectional"elevation.' Q v Fig.`4 beingja sectional plank lenttiigger aetion'jjvithfa constanty omi menceinent 'and variable termination vLoi', thev `period of openingfof;l the injector-3 passage i inf connection with" spring finjec'toi" mecha? nisin i'vhereina metallic spring is repeatedly compressed and allowe'd'to expand, or ifan' 'air orflike Huidy springisused the supply of" `fluidl is repeatedly compressed and allowed toexpand 'vvithout necessit'ating"v means "o5 v' whereby vt'hefsupply is Constantly renewed.'y i' jlVeiinay yhere observethat'"ithasalso .been-f proposed f to. provide" fuel receiving chamber having a movable' injector plunger 1 reci-procable therein andinove'dback at'each cycleiaga-iiist thepress'uifef loi" a coiled spring by" cam oper'atihguagainst"a, nain-rolls;

a l. certain amount'fof vvlosty finotion l When a the commencementfof injection and; delay lto the actualv commencement 'of injectionfg 'and i further, especially at slow? speeds such as,

n is' Y Asinall" charge `:is being injected by theipl'ungf l er, "which causes "dribblei at-'ori 'just' prior to soYV when starting; i the plunger held? up by u the nose"ofthecamjwhich `requires t move;

clear o'fftheeafmroll before'theplungerfeanf perform itsinjec'tion stroke." f

We have' ferma" `im;'these minute inter: erence's with ,the theoretical `timing of the present-invention to. eradicate them, itv be# ing an important feature of .inventionto use `r a spri'ng-controlled injector'plungerlmoved Y 'back at each cycle the minimumdistancefre'- quired 'to laccommodate' 'the variable charge y. j

of* fuel receivedin the receiving chamber in travel atany time-'l y Referringfnow'to I the fdrawding's' o( y F ig. lfillustratesthe first modificatie end vievv' lwithA parts injsection,

A`Fig. 2 being@ in section. 5

Fig.; 3: illustrates 'the second inodificfat",ioni

iid1

of pareef the combustion chamber and injector' valve corresponding to Fig. 3. Y

4Referringnow to'Figs. 1 and 2, a is a combustion chamber to which is securedan injector block Zi.' c, Fig. v2', is an injector Y v valve pressed Qn` its seat o1 by a spiral spring c2 acting through the stud 03.

d, Fig. 1,'is an oil chamber to'which fuel is delivered by a governed 'pump (indicated diagrannnatically in dotted lines in Fig. l)

a non-.return valve d1. This chamber communicates through a port Ywith anl annular chamberotaround the valve 0.

diieen inieeier iilnnger arranged et righi angles te theuvalyeoand acted upon at its outer end. by a' spring plunger e, surroundedY and it #will-be seen'thatthe two parts are f Q separation when assembled and ere yceniinner'Sly ii'rgednpnri by'ibe'eiiring n e1 Awhich is' normally under cgmpressien.

Y 02y actingv on the valve of its stroke, the lever The "lever 'if ie' eetiiaied 'by the ernnlr y* Oublie, eeniebefi .e ibrengb e red '92: 'a'lugon thelever f adapted te engage the einen einen@ une r ai the .end of ithe inward travel ot thev lever f and therebyto take the pressure of a spring tzlof ille' sind, e2 Fig; 2,. en Vivhielr it eene ihrengli the intermediary df a bell-crank lever h3.

LThe'op'erat-in ef` the apparatus is as fol.- lewsiflri eniieble peint in the eyele, fuelin meeenredgnnnniiy according .te the Speed'ei the engine in delivered by the geve ennedpuxnp to the chamber Z thereby forcingibe rileggere di Aand e enivvnrdly- The' collar e3 'inthe capfef'which provides al float# ing? abutment idr the. intenter Spring el nieves outwardly" vyiib'tbe rlnngere ne, the. Spring rilevi-ng rewards ib'e enivvnrd end eli ine trevel and the nut e2. is up against 'the cellar e?. i

Dnririg tbe return inevernent ei the lever,

theV e? is 4forced inwardly compressing the spring e1. against'the resistance yofthe' Oil' Whirliie lield lfrein eeeening inte the edmhnevign ebeinber by tbe Springe iii end Wlinneer'ilie end f rocksthe bell-crank lever 7a3 slightly. thus taking the forcent the spring It? of the valve and allowing it'tofopen under pressure `of the oil Vin the chamber et 'and passage cl2 egeinei the, nrerenre ei 'the Spring e?, vr ereupon the plunger spring ell forces the. o il thrqugh the valve into the combustion chainber. The drawing shewsthe lug-y Vt just Striking die Vend ei the edinerebie link and the spring elrr'coinpressed ready. to deliver the fuel astsoonmas the lever f, byV a slight movement to theleft (Fig. l), takes Vup the pressure of the spring it?.

From the above Vvlescription, vit will be seen that the injection always starts at the same point in the cycle, Yand iini'shes at a point governed by the quantity et oil to be injected. y n' V- -V z' is a screwvalve for the release of imprisoned'air in order to render the ports and chamber solid with` oil.` Y

'Referring nowto Figs. 3 and 4, aA is a fuel-receiving chamber in 'connnunication with a cylinderl c in which an injector plunger d is movable outwardly by a spring Y e todiraw inffuelfthrough the non-return valve The youter end 'of the injector plungeris in'cQl'itact the 'innerpart 0f 'n Spring Plnnger die 'enter Partie. Ofi which carries va bush h which the stem @I of the part'jca'n slide. spring j consider-i v nbly strenger-iban ilieerring eige inter-posed between tile inner andputer parts f, g of ilie Spring plunger, the eeieerntionef there? parte, by thel Spring fi. being liiniied by a head en the steml '11, `arranged so as tojkeep Vibe' Springnnrlernn initial eennrreeeienl A lever le riveted er l ie eeeilletedfby esy cam m rotating synchronously .withy vthe crank Vshaft of the engine,the said lever be-` ing held ngninei ibe. @ein by the .Spring e pressing 'the injector plunger and the spring i plunger outwardly together vas fuel is drawn into the receiving chamber a.

The shaft carrying the .earn isgeared i0- e governor Sheff n Carrying -vveigliied errne 0 arranged,r vlien lthey lrneveent'vnirelly te. edjnei ilie'reeinien .ei e lever@ against tlne iliriiei ei e .Spring e.; Meveinentef' the lever p raises or lowers asuspended vx'edge-V shaped block rslidable against a iined abut;V

inerte7 Elnd tbe Peeiiienfeiibe bleelr'r by obstructing the movement of'a projection t on the lever 7c determines the maximum amount et outwardvmovement of the/injecter. Y

plunger .and spring plunger moving together.

inent 'ei libe injecter plunger ie eline geverned by the speed of the engine crank shaft.

The chamber a communicatesI with facon? duit u leading to the engine conibustien chamber, the vflew et fuel through con-j. duit being controlled by a valvem held against pressure of the oil in the chamber n1 In the last stage of.. the; inward movement of the lever le and at a predetermined pointv The l quantity of fuel admitted ythrough the valve b at each Qutward moveof the cycle,va stud o n said-c' lever strikes against ilie Steiner" die vnl-ver and. Onere ibis velve- Fuel ie then, interred inte. die

V- fio `Y 1,591,211;` e 1 Y iii" y conduit gutheA eiipa-n'sion off the :spring j;

VVlated by the position of Y On thev vreturn ,stroke ofthe vlever c the of the and.. is. admitted `thence togtheV combustion.V Y chamber 'w throughzla valve'f opened by .the pressure,` "of "thetfffuel', against that eof'a spring y; fi. VThe operation ofthe parts hereinabove re-Y ferred. to fis as followsiz-#As `rthe camgbowl e Y moves from the high toi thejlow "portion of Y the cam it permits the-spring c tomove theV spring` plunger f, 19,: outwards as-a whole,

the partsv being in the expanded position. since the. pressure 'ofthe-spring e is insufficient to compress fthe spring j. This move-v ment causes fuel to be dra-wnV into the cham-` ber a through the valve Zi, in quantities regu-v the wedge blockA 1".

spring jris compressed against the resistance fuel imprisoned in vthe 'chambern -until the valve v is opened bytheleverk` thus permitting the spring j toexpand and force the fuel'through thefconduit u and]V Valve intov the combustionV chamber. .j

V.This injection continues until theh'ead of the stem Vz' comes up against the, bush r,

thus stopping the expansion ofthe spring j, and taking the pressure'off the fuel, 011V the removal of which pressure the valve a:

of injection into the' combustion.chamberV will be'constant for allspeeds of the eng1ne,-

is closedby `the spring y. In both ,forms,th' time of commencement .Whilst rtheV time of Vcompletion of injection the minimum distance r varies with the quantity injected in order that the combustion shall be at or approxi-f mately atconstant` pressure.` v

We claim f kind in which liquid fuelxis injected into 'a charge of compressed air lin the cylinder,

an accumulator chamber, an injector plungerl slidable therein, a spring-member engagingtherewith, means to compress said vspring memberat each cycle, means wherebya va riable quantityof fuel is supplied to said chamber at each cycle, means whereby'said injector plunger moves backat each cycle date said variablequantity ofv fuel, -a nozzle, ay passage from said chamber to said nozzle, a. pressure opened self-closing vvalve controlf vling said passage, and means to fix the time ak charge of compressed air in the cylinder,

an vaccumulator chamber, an injector plunger v slidable therein, ak spring member'engaging therewith, means lto compress said-spring member at each cycle, means whereby ,a variable quantity of fuel V1s supplied to said fslidable therein,

member "is f'c'ompresseed, v means 'whereby said;`

injectorjplunger 'moves fback'at each? cycle the minimum@ distance 'required to accomnio ,datel said variable quantity of 1fuel, afnozzle,"V

a passage .from saidfcham'beriv to said jnolzzle',"V

ling said passage,fiand -means i to fixl time of -opening Iof said valve,fsaid"plunger {being` thereupon 'free .to perform i its` operative Y strokev against tliei resistaiiKV 'o'f the fuel and vIchamberataeachf'cyclefbefore 'said fi a pressure'` opened self-.closingf-valveeontroli Cl.. 4 l

ofsaidself-closingvalve'lunder the eXpan-` sionroffs'aid spring member. j -g- Y i Y 3. In an internal'combination engine Vof `the'kind in which liquid fuel is injected into a charge of compressed air in the cylinder,-V an accumulatorchamber, an injector plunger a spring member engaging therewith, means to compress said springy meiriberat eachcycle, meanswhereby a va- V-riable quantity of' fue yis suppliedv to said j .v chamber at each cycle .beforejsaid spring A v Vmember. is compressed,means whereby lsaid injector plunger moves back 'at4 each cycle the minimum distancerequired to a'ccommo"v date said variable quantity of fuel, a nozzle, lapassage from said chambertosaid nozzle,

a pressure opened Vself-closingvalve cont-roli Yling Vsaid passage,and means-to fix the time of opening ofsaid valve, said plunger being Y thereupon free to Yperform its operative' stroke againstV the resistancel of `the fuel'and of said self-closing valve under the eXpansion of said spring membenthe means com- LUC pressing said spring thereafter operating'the 4 means whereby the opening of the pressure- Y v Yopened valve is time l. Inan internal ,combustion engine of the 4. In an internal combustion'engine `of the kind in which liquidfuel is injected into a charge .ofcompressed air in the cylinder, an accumulator chamber, an injector plunger slidable therein, a 4spring member engagingtherewith,v means to compressjpsaid` 'spring 10aV l member at each cycle,means vwhereby'a variable quantity ofy fuel is supplied to `said' ychamber at each cycle, means whereby said 'injector plunger moves quired to accommofy back vat each cycle the minimum distance required to accommodate saidvariable 'quantity of fuel, ra nozzle,

a passage from said chambertosaid n0zzle,`a.

pressurey opened self-closing valve controlling said passage, ak supplementary` load adapted to bev placed on ysaid valve, engineoperated means to first compress said spring member at each cycle after the fuel has Ybeen received in said chamber an'dfthereafter to take said load'offsaid pressure opened valvev whereupony saidplunger is free vto perform its operative stroke against the resistance of -the fuel and of saidv pressure-opened valve under the expansion o f said spring member.

V5. In' an', internal! combustion engine of the kind in which liquid fuel is Vinjected, into a charge of compressed air'in the cylinder, an accumulator chamber, an injector plungerV 4:l Y l 'Y Y 1,591,212;

o' siidable therein, ,e `ASpring member engaging theifeupon ,free to. perform its oper-eti@ 'helewth means to Comprese` saidl spring-i 'stmke againstthelresstanee ofthe fuel and 15 membei1 Vet eachicycle, meanswhereby a Vgn-J of said selfeoiosmg Yalveunder the eXpanvfiable 'olimntity of fuel is Supplied 'to said sion of said Spring' lneinben-afloatingabut-l ychamber at each cycle befoe said` spring ment to said spring member slielebliyV con:- member is compressed', means whereby said. nested to said ijectoi plunger but incapablev injector plungerV moves' Yback atezich cycle of separation, therefrom, sad-vabutmen'tfbef the minimum distance required to eiceommo.-l ing ree i0; move independently o the mover A Y date said variable quantity of fuel, anozzle,v ment of the crunk shaft. f v

Y a pressure opened self-c1osing valye'control: tures;

zi passage romv-saidchamber to said nozzle, In testimony whereof vWe aigfoui; ling said passagemnd means t0 x the time Y i i l FRANK 'CARTE-R. of opening of said Valve, said vplungerV lbeing p EVERSHED LARIER..V 

